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There are several permanent and intermittent karst springs within the polje area. Several small permanent karst springs (local term = IZVOR) arise on the north perimeter. They are authigenic (A-Type) karst springs and have little variation in flow or chemical profile throughout the year.
It should be noted that the intermittent, temporary or periodic karst springs, which usually originate via estavelles and give vast quantities of water when they flow during the winter and spring, are also situated on the north perimeter or elsewhere in the Upper Polje area. This type of karst spring is known locally as a VRELO and are allogenic (B-Type) karst springs, dealt with individually and elsewhere in the Fatničko Polje Webpages.
The difference in terminology reflects the functionality, hydrochemistry and magnitude in the difference of yield Q between the two.

IZVOR "KUKALJ"

3.1.1.  Location :
This captured karst spring is situated at an elevation of 497m asl. (1632 feet) above the north perimeter of the main polje floor east of Donja Fatnica. It is located beside a single-track, un-metalled polje access road. The spring outlet is via pipework set a stone structure, which has integral cattle-watering troughs and a main collecting trough. The overflow descends down to the polje floor below. This feature is contained in the attached video sequence MPEG3.1.  below. A detailed questioning of a local inhabitant gave rise to much information about the feature and revealed other useful information about the area.

Photo FP3.1.  (Photo: B. Lewarne, 08 September 2001. Digital Sony FD71.)
A general view of Izvor Kukalj.
Photo FP3.2.  (Photo : B. Lewarne, 08 September 2001. Digital Sony FD71.)
Details of the Stone Plaque on the structure.

Click on this link to view Video Sequence MPEG3.1. showing details of the..*..Izvor Kukalj.
(02 March 2002 : duration 60 seconds : 1503 frames.)

3.1.2.  Functionality :
This is an authigenic type of karst spring.

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IZVOR "KAMENIK"

3.2.1  Location :
This karst spring is located at the northern perimeter in the north-west corner of the Upper Polje at an elevation of 487m asl. (1598 feet). We have not yet visited the site to assess the feature.

3.2.2.  Functionality :
This is an authigenic type of karst spring.

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IZVOR "VELIKI JASTREBINJAK"

3.3.1  Location :
This captured karst spring is situated at an elevation of 490m asl. (1608 feet) and is located above the perimeter of the main polje floor east of Donje Fatnica at the northern perimeter of the Upper Polje. It is the more westerly situated of the two "Jastrebinjak" Karst Springs and is located between Izvor "Kukalj" and Estavela "Obod".
The spring outlet is via pipework leading from a concrete collecting cistern in which are set access manholes. The overflow descends down to the polje floor below via a natural open streamway.

Photo FP3.3.  (Photo: L. Satterley, 05 August 2002.  Digital Sony FD75.)
A view of the external concrete structure. The hose-pipe in the lower-centre part of the view shows the output being channelled
into a stone trough for watering livestock (sheep and cows) that are grazed by the local farmer.
Photo FP3.4.  (Photo :  L. Satterley, 05 August 2002.  Digital Sony FD75.)
A view of the internal structure of Izvor "Veliki Jastrebinjak", looking towards the rear (water input) side. The figure, (B. Lewarne),
has his right hand on the lip of the rear concrete-lined water holding tank.

3.3.2  Functionality :
This is an authigenic type of karst spring.

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IZVOR "MALI JASTREBINJAK"

3.4.1  Location :
This karst spring is located at the northern perimeter of the Upper Polje. It is the more easterly situated of the two "Jastrebinjak" Karst Springs and is located between Izvor "Kukalj" and Estavela "Obod". We have not yet visited the site to assess the feature.

3.4.2  Functionality :
This is an authigenic type of karst spring.